{"id":9120,"date":"2025-03-02T19:00:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T14:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idum.uz\/?p=9120"},"modified":"2025-03-02T20:00:47","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T15:00:47","slug":"%d0%b1%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bd-%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%bc%d1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/idum.uz\/uz\/archives\/9120","title":{"rendered":"Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\"><strong>Birlashgan millatlar tashkiloti (BMT)<\/strong> \u2014 yer yuzida tinchlikni mustahkamlash va xavfsizlikni ta\u2019minlash, davlatlarning o\u2018zaro hamkorligini rivojlantirish maqsadida tashkil etilgan xalqaro tashkilot. 1945 yilda tuzilgan. BMTni barpo etish haqidagi qaror Sobiq Ittifoq, AQSH, Angliya va Xitoy tashqi ishlar vazirlarining Moskvadagi kengashida 1943 yilda, Ustavi esa San Fransisko konferensiyasida 1945 yilda qabul kilindi. BMT Ustaviga dastlab 51 davlat imzo chekkan, 2000 yilda esa ular soni 189 ga yetdi. BMTning doimiy ish o\u2018rni (shtab kvartirasi) \u2014 Nyu-York shahridir. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/idum.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/BMT_logo_600.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-23381\" src=\"https:\/\/idum.uz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/BMT_logo_600.jpg\" alt=\"Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti (BMT)\" width=\"600\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">BMT Ustavida ko\u2018rsatilganidek, u xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni saqlash, xalqlarning teng huqukdi bo\u2018lishi va o\u2018z takdirini o\u2018zi belgilashi qoidasiga amal qilib, millatlar o\u2018rtasida do\u2018stlik munosabatlarini rivojlantirishni, iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy, madaniy muammolarni hal etishda xalqlar o\u2018rtasida hamkorlik bo\u2018lishini ta\u2019minlashni ko\u2018zda tutib, shu umumiy maqsadlarga erishishda millatlar harakatini uyg\u2018unlashtirib turadigan markaz hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">2000 yil 6\u20148 sentyabrda BMTning 55-sessiyasi doirasida \u00abMing yillik sammiti\u00bb bo\u2018lib o\u2018tdi. Unda 155 dan ortiq mamlakatning davlat va hukumat boshliqlari ishtirok etdi. Mazkur anjumanda umumbashariy ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lgan ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy, ekologiya va xavfsizlikka doir muammolar muhokama qilinib, yangi yuz yillikning dastlabki yillarida amalga oshirilishi mo\u2018ljallanayotgan tadbirlar belgilandi. Sammit ishtirokchilari yakdillik bilan kabul qilgan deklaratsiyada Bosh Assambleya va BMT boshqa organlari qarorlari amalda bajarilishida yordam beradi. Kotibiyat quyidagi departamentlar va boshqarmalarga bo\u2018linadi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Siyosiy masalalar va Xavfsizlik Kengashi ishlari departamenti;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy masalalar departamenti;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Vasiylik va o\u2018z-o\u2018zini boshqarmaydigan hududlar departamenti;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Nazorat boshqarmasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Xodimlar boshqarmasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Bosh kotibning ma\u2019muriy idorasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Ijtimoiy axborot boshqarmasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Konferensiyalarga xizmat qilish boshqarmasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Umumiy xizmat boshqarmasi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">BMTning Jeneva bo\u2018limi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">BMT sessiyasi yilda bir marta chaqiriladi. Xavfsizlik Kengashining yoki BMT a\u2019zolari ko\u2018pchiligining talabi bilan har qanday masala yuzasidan maxsus sessiyalar chaqirilishi mumkin. BMTning rasmiy tillari \u2014 ingliz, fransuz, rus, ispan va xitoy tillari bo\u2018lib, ingliz, fransuz, ispan tillarida ish yuritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">O\u2018zbekiston o\u2018z mustaqilligini e\u2019lon qilganidan keyin ko\u2018p o\u2018tmay \u2014 1992 yil 2 martda BMTga a\u2019zo bo\u2018ldi. Shu kuni BMT Bosh Assambleyasi binosi oldida O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat bayrog\u2018i ko\u2018tarildi. BMTning Toshkentdagi vakolatxonasi ochildi (1993.24.8). BMTda O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi vakolatxonasi ish boshladi. O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi BMTning Ta\u2019lim, fan va madaniyat masalalari bilan shug\u2018ullanuvchi tashkiloti \u2014 YUN\u0415SKOga ham a\u2019zo bo\u2018ldi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">O\u2018zbekiston o\u2018z ovozi va mavqeiga ega bo\u2018lgan a\u2019zo sifatida BMT oldiga muhim va dolzarb masalalarni qo\u2018moqda. O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti I.A.Karimovning BMT Bosh Assambleyasi 48-sessiyasida (1993 yil sentyabr), BMT tashkil etilganining 50 yilligiga bag\u2018ishlangan sessiyada (1995 yil oktyabr), BMT Bosh Assambleyasining \u00abMing yillik sammiti\u00bb (2000 yil sentyabr) da so\u2018zlagan nutqlari dunyo jamoatchiligida katta qiziqish uyg\u2018otdi. Xususan, ushbu xalqaro tashkilotning 20-asr so\u2018nggidagi eng yirik anjumanida O\u2018zbekiston rahbari xalqaro terrorizm va narkobiznes bilan bog\u2018liq muammolarni hal etish; mintaqaviy xavfsizlik, jumladan Markaziy Osiyo mintaqasida barqarorlik va xavfsizlikni ta\u2019minlash; jahon xavfsizligi tizimini takomillashtirish, BMT faoliyati va tarkibiy tizimini isloh qilishga taalluqli takliflar bilan chiqdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">O\u2018zbekiston Respublikasi BMTning teng huquqli a\u2019zosi sifatida bu eng nufuzli xalqaro tashkilotning maqsad va qoidalariga qat\u2019iy amal qilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti qanday faoliyat ko\u2018rsatadi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti 1945-yil 24-oktabrda, xalqaro hamkorlikni rivojlantirish va yalpi xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash tufayli tinchlikni barqaror etish jur\u2019ati bilan to\u2018lib-toshgan 51 mamlakat tomonidan tashkil etildi. Bugungi kunda 185 mamlakat, ya\u2019ni dunyoning qariyb barcha mamlakatlari Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining a\u2019zolaridir. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining a\u2019zosi bo\u2018lgan davlat xalqaro munosabatlarning asosiy tamoyillari aks etgan, xalqaro shartnomalardan iborat bo\u2018lgan Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Nizomida bayon etilgan majburiyatlarni qabul etadi. Nizomga binoan, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti to\u2018rtta asosiy maqsadga amal qiladi:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni ta\u2019minlashga ko\u2018maklashish;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">millatlar o\u2018rtasida do\u2018stona aloqalarni rivojlantirish;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">xalqaro muammolarni hal etishda va inson huquqlarini hurmatlashni rag\u2018batlantirishda, xalqaro hamkorlikni barqaror etish;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">ushbu umumiy maqsadlarga erishishda millatlar sa\u2019y-harakatlari, kelishuvlari uchun markaziy rolni o\u2018ynash.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti a\u2019zolari \u2014 mustaqil davlatlardir. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti butunjahon hukumati emas va u qonunlar qabul qilmaydi. Biroq xalqaro mojarolarni bartaraf etishga va bizning barchamizga daxldor bo\u2018lgan masalalarni hal etish siyosatini ishlab chiqishga yordam bera oladigan mablag\u2018larga ega bo\u2018ladi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga barcha katta-kichik, boy va kambag\u2018al, turli siyosiy qarashlar va ijtimoiy tizimdagi davlatlar a\u2019zo bo\u2018lib, ular ovoz berish va ovoz berishda ishtirok etish huquqiga ega.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida oltita bosh organ mavjud. Ulardan beshtasi \u2014 Bosh Assambleya, Xavfsizlik Kengashi, Iqtisodiy va Ijtimoiy Kengash, Vasiylik Kengashi va Kotibiyat \u2014 Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Nyu-Yorkdagi Markaziy qarorgohida, oltinchi organ \u2014 Xalqaro Sud esa Niderlandiyaning Gaaga shahrida faoliyat ko\u2018rsatadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Xavfsizlik Kengashi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Nizomiga muvofiq xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni barqaror etish borasida Xavfsizlik Kengashi bosh javobgarlikni zimmasiga oladi va u tinchlik xavf ostida qolgan kecha yoki kunduzning har qanday daqiqasida chaqirilishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kengash 15 a\u2019zodan tashkil topgan. Ularning beshtasi &#8211; Xitoy, Rossiya Federatsiyasi, Birlashgan Qirollik, Amerika Qo\u2018shma Shtatlari va Fransiya &#8211; doimiy a\u2019zolar hisoblanadi. Kengashning qolgan o\u2018n a\u2019zosi Bosh Assambleya tomonidan ikki yil muddatga saylanadilar. Keyingi yillarda Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotida Kengashning a\u2019zolar tarkibini o\u2018zgartirish, bu tadbir zamonaviy va iqtisodiy voqelikni yanada yorqinroq aks ettirishi masalasi muhokama qilinayapti. Kengashning qarorlari, uning uchun to\u2018qqiz a\u2019zo ovoz bergan taqdirdagina qabul qilingan hisoblanadi. Kun tartibidagi masalaga Kengashning doimiy a\u2019zolaridan birortasi qarshi ovoz bersa, shuningdek, veto huquqidan foydalansa qaror qabul qilinmaydi. Xalqaro tinchlikka xavf solinganligi haqida kengashga xabar berilganda bu mojaro avvalo tinchlik yo\u2018li bilan bartaraf etish nuqtayi nazaridan ko\u2018rib chiqiladi. Kengash, balki bartaraf etish tamoyillarini ishlab chiqadi yoki hakam vazifasini o\u2018taydi. Harbiy harakatlar boshlanib ketgan taqdirda Kengash o\u2018t ochishni to\u2018xtatish choralarini ko\u2018radi. Shuningdek, u tomonlarni yarashtirish yoki bir-birlari bilan janjallashayotganlarni ajratishga yordam beradigan, tinchlikni barqaror etuvchi missiya yuborishi mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kengash o\u2018zi qabul etgan qarorlarning bajarilishini ta\u2019minlash bo\u2018yicha tadbirlar qabul qilishi mumkin. U iqtisodiy jazo choralari qo\u2018llashi yoki qurollarni yetkazib berishga embargo qo\u2018yishi mumkin. Juda kamdan-kam hollarda Kengash o\u2018zi qabul qilgan qarorni bajarish uchun a\u2019zo-mamlakatga birgalikdagi harbiy harakatlarga qadar bo\u2018lgan \u00abbarcha zarur vositalarni\u00bb qo\u2018llashga vakolat beradi. Shuningdek, Kengash Bosh kotib lavozimiga muayyan nomzodni va Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotiga yangi a\u2019zolarni tavsiya etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Bosh Assambleya<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Bosh Assambleya &#8211; o\u2018ziga xos butunjahon parlamentining insoniyatning eng dolzarb muammolari ko\u2018rib chiqilayotgan majlislarida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti a\u2019zosi bo\u2018lgan barcha mamlakatlar vakillari qatnashadi. Har bir a\u2019zo-mamlakat bir ovozga ega. Xalqaro tinchlik va xavfsizlikni muayyan darajada saqlab qolish tavsiyalari yangi a\u2019zolarni qabul qilish yoki Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti budjetini tasdiqlash, shu jumladan, tinchlikni saqlash operatsiyalariga mablag\u2018 ajratish singari muhim masalalar ko\u2018pchilik, aniqrog\u2018i, uchdan ikki qism ovoz bilan qabul etiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Boshqa masalalar bo\u2018yicha qarorlar, odatdagidek, ko\u2018pchilik ovoz bilan qabul etilaveradi. Keyingi yillarda Assambleya qarorlari rasmiy ovoz berish yo\u2018li bilan emas, balki, konsesus asosida qabul etilishi uchun maxsus sa\u2019y-harakatlar olib borilmoqda. 1999\/2000 yilgi sessiyalarda yadroviy qurolsizlanish, taraqqiyot, atrof muhitni muhofaza etish va yangicha demokratiyani mustahkamlash singari kun tartibidagi turli-tuman 173 masala ko\u2018rib chiqilishi kerak edi. O\u2018z qarorlari g\u2018oyat muhim ahamiyatga ega bo\u2018lsa ham, ular jahon jamoatchiligi fikrlarini ifodalasa va xalqaro jamoatchilikning axloqiy talabi hisoblansa ham Assambleya o\u2018z qarorlarini majburan qabul qildirmaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Assambleyaning har yilgi navbatdagi sessiyasi sentabrdan dekabrga qadar bo\u2018lgan muddat davomida o\u2018tkaziladi. Assambleya zarurat tug\u2018ilganda o\u2018z ishini qayta chaqirilgan sessiyada davom ettirishi yoki jiddiy tashvish tug\u2018dirgan masalalar bo\u2018yicha maxsus yoki favqulodda sessiyalar o\u2018tkazishi mumkin. Assambleyalar orasidagi muddat davomida uning ishlari Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining oltita bosh qo\u2018mitalarida, boshqa organlarida va Kotibiyatda davom etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Iqtisodiy va Ijtimoiy Kengash<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Iqtisodiy va Ijtimoiy Kengash Bosh Assambleyaning umumiy rahbarligi ostida harakat qilib Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti va uning tizimidagi muassasalar faoliyatini ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy sohada muvofiqlashtirib turadi. Xalqaro iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy muammolarni muhokama etish va shu sohadagi siyosat borasida tavsiyalar ishlab chiqish uchun bosh anjuman hisoblangan Kengash taraqqiyot maqsadlarida xalqaro hamkorlikni mustahkamlashda muhim rol o\u2018ynaydi. Kengash ish faoliyatida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti va Fuqarolar jamiyati o\u2018rtasidagi o\u2018sha muhim hayotiy muloqotni qo\u2018llab-quvvatlagan holda tegishli nohukumat tashkilotlari bilan maslahatlashadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kengash tarkibiga Bosh Assambleya tomonidan uch yilga saylanadigan 54 nafar a\u2019zo kiradi. Kengash har yili &#8211; Nyu-York va Jenevada, galma-galdan &#8211; o\u2018zining bir oy muddatga cho\u2018ziladigan sessiyasini o\u2018tkazadi. Sessiya davomida muhim iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy masalalarni muhokama etish uchun vazirlar darajasida majlis, 1998 yildan esa sessiya doirasida insonparvarlik masalalarini ko\u2018rib chiqish bosqichi o\u2018tkazilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kengashning ishlari yil mobaynida o\u2018z yig\u2018ilishlarini muntazam o\u2018tkazib turadigan va Kengashga hisobot beradigan yordamchi tashkilotlar tomonidan olib boriladi. Masalan, inson huquqlari komissiyasi dunyoning barcha mamlakatlarida inson huquqlariga qanday rioya etilayotganligini nazorat qiladi. Boshqa tashkilotlar ijtimoiy taraqqiyot, xotin-qizlarning ahvoli, jinoyatchilikdan ogoh etish, giyohvandlikka qarshi kurash va atrof muhitni muhofaza etish masalalari bilan shug\u2018ullanadilar. Beshta hududiy komissiya iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va o\u2018z hududlarida iqtisodiy munosabatlarni rivojlantirishga yordam beradi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Vasiylik Kengashi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Vasiylik Kengashi 7 a\u2019zo-mamlakat qo\u2018l ostidagi 11 vasiylik hududida xalqaro nazoratni ta\u2019minlash, shuningdek, ularning hukumatlari bu hududlarda o\u2018z-o\u2018zini boshqarish yoki mustaqillikning zarur chora-tadbirlarini ko\u2018rishlari uchun xalqaro nazoratni ta\u2019minlash maqsadida tashkil etilgan. 1994 yilga kelib vasiylik hududlarining barchasi o\u2018zlarini boshqara boshladilar yoki alohida davlatga aylanib mustaqillikka erishdilar, yoxud mustaqil qo\u2018shni davlatlar bilan qo\u2018shilishdi. eng oxiri bo\u2018lib bunday tadbirni Qo\u2018shma Shtatlari qo\u2018l ostida bo\u2018lgan Tinch okean orollari (Palau) vasiylik hududi amalga oshirdi va 185-a\u2019zo davlat bo\u2018lib qoldi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Hozirgi paytda, tarkibiga Xavfsizlik Kengashining besh doimiy a\u2019zosi kirgani sababli Vasiylik Kengashi ishlari, asosan, tugallandi, uning ish tartibi qoidalariga tegishli o\u2018zgartirishlar kiritildi, ya\u2019ni u o\u2018zining yig\u2018ilishlarini faqat shart-sharoit taqozo etgan hollardagina o\u2018tkazadigan bo\u2018ldi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Xalqaro Sud<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Xalqaro Sud &#8211; Butunjahon sudi sifatida hammaga ma\u2019lum bo\u2018lib, u Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining bosh sud organidir. Bosh Assambleya va Xavfsizlik Kengashi tomonidan saylangan 15 sudyadan tashkil topgan Xalqaro Sud davlatlar o\u2018rtasidagi mojarolarni bartaraf etish bilan shug\u2018ullanadi. Davlatlarning &#8211; sud muhokamasida qatnashishlari ixtiyoriydir, biroq davlatlar shunga rozi bo\u2018lsalar, ular Sud qaroriga bo\u2018ysunishlari shart. Shuningdek, Bosh Assambleya va Xavfsizlik Kengashi iltimoslari bilan Sud konsultativ xulosalar chiqarish ishlari bilan ham shug\u2018ullanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kotibiyat<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Kotibiyat Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Bosh Assambleyasi, Xavfsizlik Kengashi va boshqa tashkilotlari ko\u2018rsatmalariga muvofiq tezkor va ma\u2019muriy ishlarni amalga oshiradi. Uni umumiy ma\u2019muriy rahbarlikni olib boradigan Bosh kotib boshqaradi. Hozirgi vaqtda Kotibiyat qariyb dunyoning 160 mamlakatidan bo\u2018lgan 8900 kishi ishlaydigan yetti deportament va turli boshqarmalardan tashkil topgan. Bundan tashqari Nyu-York, Jeneva, Vena va Nayrobida Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining bo\u2018limlari mavjud.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">BMT tinchlikni barqaror etish uchun nimalar qiladi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining eng bosh vazifalaridan biri &#8211; butun dunyoda tinchlikni barqaror etishdir. Nizomga binoan a\u2019zo-mamlakatlar o\u2018zlarining xalqaro kelishmovchiliklarini tinch yo\u2018l bilan hal etadi, qurolli kuchlarni boshqa davlatlarga nisbatan qo\u2018llamaydilar, ularga tahdid solmaydilar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\">Ko\u2018p yillar mobaynida xalqaro muammolarni bartaraf etish va paydo bo\u2018lgan mojarolarni hal qilishga yordam berishda Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti muhim rol o\u2018ynadi. U tinchlikni o\u2018rnatish, tinchlikni saqlab qolish va insonparvarlik yordami ko\u2018rsatish borasida ko\u2018plab operatsiyalar turkumini amalga oshirdi. Shuningdek u birmuncha jiddiy tus olgan mojarolarni ham bartaraf etishga muvaffaq bo\u2018ldi. Mojarolar kelib chiqqan hollarda u zo\u2018ravonlikning tub ildizlarini qirqish va mustahkam tinchlik uchun asoslar yaratishga yo\u2018naltirilgan va koordinatsiyalashtirilgan yanada qat\u2019iy chora-tadbirlar qabul qiladi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti bu borada diqqatga sazovor natijalarni qo\u2018lga kiritdi. Masalan, 1962 yilgi Karib mojarosini, 1973 yilgi Yaqin Sharq janjalidagi keskinlikni bartaraf etishga muvaffaq bo\u2018ldi. 1988 yili Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining tinch yo\u2018l bilan hal etish borasidagi sa\u2019y-harakatlari Eron-Iroq urushini bartaraf etish imkonini berdi, undan keyingi yili Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti tashabbusi bilan o\u2018tkazilgagn muzokaralar tufayli qo\u2018shinlar Afg\u2018onistondan olib chiqildi. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti 90-yillarda Quvayt mustaqilligini tiklashga yordam berdi, Kambodja, Salvador, Gvatemala va Mozambikda fuqarolar urushini to\u2018xtatishda, Gaiti va Serra-Leonda demokratiya asosida saylangan hukumatni tiklashda katta rol o\u2018ynadi, shuningdek, qator boshqa mamlakatlardagi kelishmovchiliklarni bartaraf etdi va hal qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span lang=\"RU\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times', serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wikipedia.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manba<\/a><\/span><\/p><div class=\"advads-abzaclardan-keyin\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; \" id=\"advads-1362314873\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4312389010926434\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-4312389010926434\" 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\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u049b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041d\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u041e\u041e\u0301\u041d \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f 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